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Clinical Chemistry 53: 511-519, 2007. First published February 1, 2007; 10.1373/clinchem.2006.076992
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(Clinical Chemistry. 2007;53:511-519.)
© 2007 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Nutrition

Effects of {alpha}-Tocopherol and Mixed Tocopherol Supplementation on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes

Jason H.Y. Wu1, Natalie C. Ward1, Adeline P. Indrawan1, Coral-Ann Almeida2, Jonathan M. Hodgson1, Julie M. Proudfoot1, Ian B. Puddey1 and Kevin D. Croft1,a

1 School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
2 Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

aAddress correspondence to this author at: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, P.O. Box X2213 GPO, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia. Fax 61-8-9224-0246; e-mail kcroft{at}cyllene.uwa.edu.au.

Background: Vitamin E isomers may protect against atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supplementation with either {alpha}-tocopherol ({alpha}T) or mixed tocopherols rich in {gamma}-tocopherol ({gamma}T) on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 55 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive (500 mg/day) (a) {alpha}T, (b) mixed tocopherols, or (c) placebo for 6 weeks. Cellular tocopherols, plasma and urine F2-isoprostanes, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, plasma inflammatory markers, and ex vivo assessment of eicosanoid synthesis were analyzed pre- and postsupplementation.

Results: Neutrophil {alpha}T and {gamma}T increased (both P <0.001) with mixed tocopherol supplementation, whereas {alpha}T (P <0.001) increased and {gamma}T decreased (P <0.005) after {alpha}T supplementation. Both {alpha}T and mixed tocopherol supplementation resulted in reduced plasma F2-isoprostanes (P <0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) but did not affect 24-h urinary F2-isoprostanes or erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities. Neither {alpha}T nor mixed tocopherol supplementation affected plasma C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}, or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Stimulated neutrophil leukotriene B4 production decreased significantly in the mixed tocopherol group (P = 0.02) but not in the {alpha}T group (P = 0.15).

Conclusions: The ability of tocopherols to reduce systemic oxidative stress suggests potential benefits of vitamin E supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes. In populations with well-controlled type 2 diabetes, supplementation with either {alpha}T or mixed tocopherols rich in {gamma}T is unlikely to confer further benefits in reducing inflammation.






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