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Technical Briefs |
1
Neuroradiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany, and
2
Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Luebeck, School of Medicine, 2400 Luebeck, Germany;
a address for
correspondence: Abteilung fuer Neuroradiologie, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Muenchen, Germany
S-100 protein (S-100) is a calcium-binding protein found predominantly in the cytosol of glial cells in all parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Three different subtypes, designated S-100a, S-100b, and S-100a0, are known. S-100b predominates in the brain.
The concentration of S-100 can be measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in blood. For methodological reasons, most studies reported in the literature measured S-100 concentrations in CSF, and an increased concentration of S-100 in the CSF has been found to be a sensitive although nonspecific indicator of nervous system damage in patients with various neurological disorders (1).
Increased concentrations of S-100 have also been found in the blood of patients suffering from CNS tumors or cerebrovascular insults, and maximal concentrations of S-100 in the blood are correlated with the infarct volume after acute ischemic stroke (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). It has recently been reported that concentrations of S-100 in blood may be of prognostic value in patients with minor head injury (7) and may indicate acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (8).
Van Engelen et al. (9) reported that S-100 concentrations in CSF increase with age. Nygaard et al. (10) confirmed this and also found a difference in the mean concentration of S-100 in the CSF of male and female subjects. For routine clinical use, these findings would necessitate age- and sex-corrected reference intervals.
We have described a method for determining the concentration of S-100
in blood that is sensitive enough
Footnotes
References
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  O. Ben Abdesselam, J. Vally, C. Adem, M.-J. Foglietti, and J.-L. Beaudeux Reference Values for Serum S-100B Protein Depend on the Race of Individuals Clin. Chem., May 1, 2003; 49(5): 836 - 837. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 I. Dimopoulou, S. Korfias, U. Dafni, A. Anthi, C. Psachoulia, G. Jullien, D.E. Sakas, and C. Roussos Protein S-100b serum levels in trauma-induced brain death Neurology, March 25, 2003; 60(6): 947 - 951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. V.C. Portela, A. B.L. Tort, D. V. Schaf, L. Ribeiro, D. B. Nora, R. Walz, L. N. Rotta, C. T. Silva, J. V. Busnello, F. Kapczinski, et al. The Serum S100B Concentration Is Age Dependent Clin. Chem., June 1, 2002; 48(6): 950 - 952. [Full Text] [PDF]
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U. Missler, M. Wiesmann, P. Ehlermann, M. Tronnier, A. Notzold, E. Steinmeier, and W. G. Wood Validation and Comparison of Two Solid-Phase Immunoassays for the Quantification of S-100B in Human Blood Clin. Chem., July 1, 2000; 46(7): 993 - 996. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Ettinger, A. B. Laumark, R. M. Ostroff, J. Brundell, W. A. Baumgartner, and A. Y. Razumovsky A new optical immunoassay for detection of S-100B protein in whole blood Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1999; 68(6): 2196 - 2201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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U. Missler, M. Wiesmann, G. Wittmann, O. Magerkurth, and H. Hagenstrom Measurement of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Human Blood: Analytical Method and Preliminary Clinical Results Clin. Chem., January 1, 1999; 45(1): 138 - 141. [Full Text] [PDF]
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