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Phagocytosis and Oxidative Burst: Reference Values for Flow Cytometric Assays Independent of Age

¹ Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry and
² Clinic of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, University Hospital, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum of the Humboldt-University, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany

³ Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Clinic of the Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033 Marburg, Germany
^a author for correspondence: fax 49-30-45069900, e-mail andreas.lun@charite.de

	Introduction

 
The main function of neutrophils is to provide a front line of defense against invasive bacteria. Disturbances in the functioning of neutrophils lead to repeated and life-threatening infections caused by bacteria and fungi (1)(2). Pathological neutrophil functions are detected as permanent inborn metabolic defects of NADPH oxidase with oxidative burst [chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) (2)(3)], glutathione peroxidase (4), and adhesion molecules (2)(5). Moreover, transient disturbances of phagocytosis may be detected in systemic infections (5)(6)(7)(8)(9), acute pancreatitis (10), tuberculosis (11), and Wegner granulomatosis (12), as well as under special conditions such as in newborns (6)(13)(14), very old persons (15), or in persons undergoing therapies with cytokines, prednisolone, or anesthetics (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(14)(16).

The following clinical and laboratory findings indicate that assessment of granulocyte function is needed: increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, therapy-resistant infections, recurrent infections with nonpathogenic microorganisms, lymphadenitis, abscesses of liver or lung, osteomyelitis, recurrent stomatitis, or gingivitis. Granulocytopenia and defects of B cells or complement compartment must be excluded (17). Phagocytosis, adhesion molecules CD18 and CD11b for leukocyte adhesion defect I or CD15s for leukocyte adhesion defect II, and production of oxygen radicals upon stimulation for CGD can be tested by flow cytometric determinations. Disturbances such as Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, hyper IgE syndrome, or glycogenesis type Ib need other techniques.

One of the most common inherited granulocyte defects is CGD. The nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction assay, the gold standard for diagnosis of CGD in the past (18. . . [Full Text of this Article]

	References

 

The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:

				A. Lun, J. Roesler, and H. Renz Unusual Late Onset of X-linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease in an Adult Woman after Unsuspicious Childhood Clin. Chem., May 1, 2002; 48(5): 780 - 781. [Full Text] [PDF]