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Technical Briefs |
Departments of
1
Epidemiology and
2 Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
Divisions of
3
Preventive Medicine and
4 Cardiology,
5
Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, and
6
Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
7 Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19422
8 Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
aaddress correspondence to this author at: Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 677 Huntington Ave., 9th Floor, Kresge Bldg., Boston, MA 02115; fax 617-566-7805, e-mail jpai@hsph.harvard.edu
| The first 300 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Plasma markers are ideally measured prospectively because marker concentrations may change after diagnosis with disease. In many large prospective studies, such as the Nurses’ Health Study (1) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (2), blood samples are collected, placed on ice, and mailed back to the central laboratory for processing via overnight or next-day mail service. Because economic constraints typically lead researchers to collect only one sample per study participant (3)(4), it is important to determine the time frame within which markers remain stable and to optimize the methods for handling and processing the sample. Although many studies have examined marker stability after long-term storage, few studies have assessed the impact of transport conditions on whole blood not immediately processed.
We selected a series of lipid and novel inflammatory markers whose concentrations have been shown or have been suspected to influence the risk of cardiovascular disease: C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein B (apoB), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), p-selectin, von Willebrand factor (vWf), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCLAbs), tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (TNF-RI and TNF-RII), and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of selected novel markers of cardiovascular disease under time and temperature conditions that simulated sample transport by mail for up to 36 h before processing.
We included 17 premenopausal women, 25–45 years of age, who had responded to a recruitment advertisement. Blood samples were collected from each woman into three 15-mL Vacutainers containing sodium heparin and placed on ice until processing. The time to processing was defined as the time from when the samples
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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  R. Cangemi, L. Loffredo, R. Carnevale, L. Perri, M. P. Patrizi, V. Sanguigni, P. Pignatelli, and F. Violi Early decrease of oxidative stress by atorvastatin in hypercholesterolaemic patients: effect on circulating vitamin E Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2008; 29(1): 54 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. K. Pai, J. E. Manson, K. M. Rexrode, C. M. Albert, D. J. Hunter, and E. B. Rimm Complement factor H (Y402H) polymorphism and risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2007; 28(11): 1297 - 1303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M Wildgruber, W Weiss, H Berger, H-H Eckstein, O Wolf, and P Heider Early endothelial and haematological response to cryoplasty compared with balloon angioplasty of the superficial femoral artery a pilot study Br. J. Radiol., June 1, 2007; 80(954): 430 - 436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. Lopez-Garcia, R. M van Dam, L. Qi, and F. B Hu Coffee consumption and markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in healthy and diabetic women. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2006; 84(4): 888 - 893. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Wu, W. C. Willett, N. Rifai, I. Shai, J. E. Manson, and E. B. Rimm Is Plasma Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein, Measured With the Widely Used Antibody 4E6, an Independent Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease Among U.S. Men and Women? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): 973 - 979. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. B. Link and J. S. Jacobson Effect of delayed processing on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Clin. Chem., April 1, 2006; 52(4): 787 - 788. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. K Jensen, P. Koh-Banerjee, M. Franz, L. Sampson, M. Gronbaek, and E. B Rimm Whole grains, bran, and germ in relation to homocysteine and markers of glycemic control, lipids, and inflammation 1 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 275 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K. J. Mukamal, M. K. Jensen, M. Gronbaek, M. J. Stampfer, J. E. Manson, T. Pischon, and E. B. Rimm Drinking Frequency, Mediating Biomarkers, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Women and Men Circulation, September 6, 2005; 112(10): 1406 - 1413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Shai, E. B. Rimm, S. E. Hankinson, C. Cannuscio, G. Curhan, J. E. Manson, N. Rifai, M. J. Stampfer, and J. Ma Lipoprotein (a) and coronary heart disease among women: beyond a cholesterol carrier? Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2005; 26(16): 1633 - 1639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Meisinger, J. Baumert, N. Khuseyinova, H. Loewel, and W. Koenig Plasma Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein, a Strong Predictor for Acute Coronary Heart Disease Events in Apparently Healthy, Middle-Aged Men From the General Population Circulation, August 2, 2005; 112(5): 651 - 657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 I. Shai, M. B. Schulze, J. E. Manson, K. M. Rexrode, M. J. Stampfer, C. Mantzoros, and F. B. Hu A Prospective Study of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Receptor II (sTNF-RII) and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, June 1, 2005; 28(6): 1376 - 1382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. Lopez-Garcia, M. B. Schulze, J. B. Meigs, J. E. Manson, N. Rifai, M. J. Stampfer, W. C. Willett, and F. B. Hu Consumption of Trans Fatty Acids Is Related to Plasma Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction J. Nutr., March 1, 2005; 135(3): 562 - 566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. T. van der Schouw, L. Sampson, W. C. Willett, and E. B. Rimm The Usual Intake of Lignans but Not That of Isoflavones May Be Related to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in U.S. Men J. Nutr., February 1, 2005; 135(2): 260 - 266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. K. Pai, T. Pischon, J. Ma, J. E. Manson, S. E. Hankinson, K. Joshipura, G. C. Curhan, N. Rifai, C. C. Cannuscio, M. J. Stampfer, et al. Inflammatory Markers and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women N. Engl. J. Med., December 16, 2004; 351(25): 2599 - 2610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Shai, E. B. Rimm, S. E. Hankinson, G. Curhan, J. E. Manson, N. Rifai, M. J. Stampfer, and J. Ma Multivariate Assessment of Lipid Parameters as Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease Among Postmenopausal Women: Potential Implications for Clinical Guidelines Circulation, November 2, 2004; 110(18): 2824 - 2830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. L. Knight, E. B. Rimm, J. K. Pai, K. M. Rexrode, C. C. Cannuscio, J. E. Manson, M. J. Stampfer, and G. C. Curhan Kidney Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Coronary Events: A Prospective Study J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2004; 15(7): 1897 - 1903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Lopez-Garcia, M. B. Schulze, J. E. Manson, J. B. Meigs, C. M. Albert, N. Rifai, W. C. Willett, and F. B. Hu Consumption of (n-3) Fatty Acids Is Related to Plasma Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Activation in Women J. Nutr., July 1, 2004; 134(7): 1806 - 1811. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Mozaffarian, T. Pischon, S. E Hankinson, N. Rifai, K. Joshipura, W. C Willett, and E. B Rimm Dietary intake of trans fatty acids and systemic inflammation in women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2004; 79(4): 606 - 612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Pischon, S. E. Hankinson, G. S. Hotamisligil, N. Rifai, W. C. Willett, and E. B. Rimm Habitual Dietary Intake of n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids in Relation to Inflammatory Markers Among US Men and Women Circulation, July 15, 2003; 108(2): 155 - 160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. J. Giltay, J. M. Geleijnse, E. G. Schouten, M. B. Katan, and D. Kromhout High Stability of Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Blood Samples Clin. Chem., April 1, 2003; 49(4): 652 - 655. [Full Text] [PDF]
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