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1 The Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Departments of2 Chemical Pathology,3 Medicine and Therapeutics,4 Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and5 Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;
aaddress correspondence to this author at: Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 38023, 1/F Clinical Sciences Bldg., Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing St., Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; fax 852-2194-6171, e-mail loym@cuhk.edu.hk
| The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below. |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is the first pandemic of the 21st century (1). Since its recognition, 8437 individuals have been affected and 813 have died (2). Approximately 2030% of patients required intensive care admission (1). Although there was a slight predominance of female SARS patients, possibly because of the overrepresentation of female healthcare workers (1), male SARS patients were more likely to suffer poor outcomes (3). In a major hospital outbreak in Hong Kong (4), 32% of male and 15% of female SARS patients required intensive care or died. Remarkably, similar demographic data were seen among SARS patients in the greater Toronto area, Canada, where 32% of males and 14% of females with SARS required intensive care or died (5). Karlberg et al. (3) studied the case fatality rates among all confirmed SARS patients documented in the Hong Kong SARS epidemic in 2003. The authors concluded that the mortality rates differed significantly between males and females, being 21.9% and 13.2%, respectively. The relative risk for death in males was 1.62 after adjustment for age. It is thus an intriguing coincidence that ACE2, the gene for the newly identified functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, maps to the X-chromosome (Xp22) (6).
ACE2 was first identified as a homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme with zinc metalloproteinase
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