Clinical Chemistry Link to Randox Laboratories Web Site
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Clinical Chemistry 51: 1089-1090, 2005; 10.1373/clinchem.2005.051698
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit an electronic Letter to
the Editor about this paper
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Winchester, J. F.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Winchester, J. F.
Related Collections
Right arrow Clinical Immunology
Right arrow Proteomics and Protein Markers
Right arrow Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Right arrow Endocrinology and Metabolism
(Clinical Chemistry. 2005;51:1089-1090.)
© 2005 American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc.

Editorials

Novel Changes in ß2-Microglobulin in Dialysis Patients

James F. Winchester

1 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY 10003, E-mail jwinches@bethisraelny.org

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

The word dialysis (the separation of soluble substances from colloids and their removal through a semipermeable membrane down a concentration gradient) was coined by Thomas Graham in 1861, in Glasgow, Scotland. It was not, however, until the first success with dialysis in kidney failure, by Kolff in Kampen, Holland, in 1945, and the invention, in Seattle, WA, in 1960, of the Scribner shunt for access to the circulation that modern hemodialysis as we know it became practical. Both Kolff and Scribner received the Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research in 2002 for their breakthrough concepts. Currently, more than 1 million patients worldwide undergo either hemodialysis (the vast majority) or peritoneal dialysis to maintain life(1). During dialysis, small molecules are removed by the process of diffusion, but removal of larger molecules is dependent on convective transport, which necessitates ultrafiltration to improve "solvent drag" of larger substances along with the ultrafiltered fluid(2).

Traditional uremic toxins, such as urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and water, were the early focus of nephrologists, but it became clear that other larger molecules, theoretically "middle molecules" around 1.5 kDa, were as important in promoting morbidity if the patient was not dialyzed for a protracted period(2). The middle molecule hypothesis was popular in the 1970s but has been largely superseded by the demonstration that even . . . [Full Text of this Article]






HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2005 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry.