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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) 074930.Supplemental data All Versions of this Article: clinchem.2006.074930v1 53/3/447    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (13) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hozawa, A. Articles by Lee, D.-H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hozawa, A. Articles by Lee, D.-H. Related Collections Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Relationships of Circulating Carotenoid Concentrations with Several Markers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)/Young Adult Longitudinal Trends in Antioxidants (YALTA) Study

¹ Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, and ² Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
³ Division of Epidemiology and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
⁴ Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
⁵ Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

^aAddress correspondence to this author at: University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, 1300 S. 2nd St., Ste. 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454. Fax 612-624-0315; e-mail jacobs{at}epi.umn.edu.

Background: Serum carotenoid concentrations relate inversely to cardiovascular disease incidence. To clarify the effect of carotenoids on atherosclerotic risk factors, we examined the association of circulating carotenoids with inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and smoking.

Methods: Black and white men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, ages 18 to 30 years at recruitment (1985–1986) from 4 US cities, were investigated over 15 years. We included 2048 to 4580 participants in analyses of the sum of serum -carotene, ß-carotene, zeaxanthin/lutein, and ß-cryptoxanthin concentrations and of lycopene at year 0 and at year 7.

Results: The year 0 sum of 4 carotenoids was inversely associated (all P <0.05) with year 0 leukocyte count (slope per sum carotenoid SD, –0.17); year 7 fibrinogen (slope, –0.10); year 7 and year 15 C-reactive protein (slope, –0.12 and –0.09); and year 15 F₂-isoprostanes (slope, –13.0), soluble P-selectin (slope, –0.48), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM1; slope, –5.1). Leukocyte counts and sICAM1 and F₂-isoprostane concentrations had stronger associations in smokers than in nonsmokers, and sICAM1 concentrations were higher in the highest carotenoid quartile in smokers than in the lowest carotenoid quartile in nonsmokers. Superoxide dismutase was positively associated with the sum of 4 carotenoids (slope, 0.12; P <0.01). Lycopene was inversely associated only with sICAM1. The year 7 carotenoid associations with these markers were mostly similar to those at year 0.

Conclusions: Circulating serum carotenoids were associated, some interactively with smoking, in apparently beneficial directions with markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction.

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