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Received on April 11, 2005
Accepted on July 8, 2005
Automation and Analytical Techniques |
1 Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
2 Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
3 MediGene AG, Martinsried, Germany
4 Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI), University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: t.waterboer{at}dkfz.de.
Background: More than 100 different human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can cause proliferative diseases, many of which are malignant, such as cervical cancer. HPV serology is complex because infection and disease lead to distinct type-specific antibody responses. Using bead-based technology, we have developed an assay platform that allows the simultaneous detection of antibodies against up to 100 in situ affinity-purified recombinant HPV proteins.
Methods: Twenty-seven HPV proteins were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins and affinity-purified in one step by incubation of glutathione-displaying beads in bacterial lysate. Beads were sorted into spectrally distinct sets, each carrying one particular antigen, and then mixed, incubated with serum, and differentiated in a flow cytometer-like analyzer (xMAP; Luminex Corp). Antibodies bound to the antigens were detected via fluorescent secondary reagents. We studied 756 sera from 2 case-control studies of cervical cancer.
Results: Glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins bound with high affinity to glutathione-displaying beads (Kd = 6.9 x 10-9 mol/L). The dynamic range of multiplex serology covered 1.5 orders of magnitude, and antibodies were detected at serum dilutions >1:1 000 000. Imprecision (median CV) was
5.4%, and assay reproducibility was high (R2 = 0.97). Results on clinical samples showed high concordance with ELISA (
= 0.846), but multiplex serology exhibited increased detection of weak antibody responses. Antibodies to the E6 oncoproteins of the rare HPV types 52 and 58 were associated with cervical cancer (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Multiplex serology enables antibody analyses of large numbers of sera against up to 100 antigens in parallel and has the potential to replace ELISA technology.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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