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Received on July 29, 2005
Accepted on September 20, 2005
Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors |
1 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: atselep{at}cc.uoi.gr.
Background: Recent clinical studies showed that lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a predictor for incident atherosclerotic disease. We have previously shown that among the LDL subfractions, Lp-PLA2 activity is preferentially associated with the atherogenic small, dense (sdLDL) particles in vitro. We investigated whether Lp-PLA2 could be a marker of sdLDL in human plasma.
Methods: One hundred and seventy-six individuals participated in the study. LDL subclass analysis was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lp-PLA2 activity and mass were determined in total plasma and in apolipoprotein B-depleted plasma (HDL-Lp-PLA2). Non-HDL-Lp-PLA2 activity and mass were calculated by subtracting the HDL-Lp-PLA2 from total plasma Lp-PLA2.
Results: On the basis of the LDL subclass analysis, participants were categorized into phenotype A and non-A (total cholesterol mass of the sdLDL subfractions 
0.155 and >0.155 mmol/L, respectively). Unlike total plasma Lp-PLA2 mass, total plasma Lp-PLA2 activity and non-HDL-Lp-PLA2 activity and mass were significantly higher in persons with phenotype non-A compared with persons with phenotype A, whereas HDL-Lp-PLA2 activity and mass were lower in persons with phenotype non-A compared with phenotype A. Total plasma activity and non-HDL-Lp-PLA2 activity and mass, but not Lp-PLA2 mass, were correlated with sdLDL-cholesterol mass, proportion, and mean LDL particle size. In multiple regression analysis, total plasma and non-HDL-Lp-PLA2 activities were the second best predictors of the presence of sdLDL particles in human plasma after serum triglyceride concentrations. At serum triglyceride concentrations >1.356 mmol/L, total plasma and non-HDL-Lp-PLA2 activity added significantly to the prediction of the presence of sdLDL in plasma.
Conclusions: Lp-PLA2 activity, but not the enzyme mass, is a marker of sdLDL in human plasma.
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