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Clinical Chemistry 0: clinchem.2005.063289v1, 2006; 10.1373/clinchem.2005.063289
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Received on November 8, 2005
Accepted on March 28, 2006

Cancer Diagnostics

Aptima PCA3 Molecular Urine Test: Development of a Method to Aid in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

Jack Groskopf 1*, Sheila M.J. Aubin 1, Ina Lim Deras 1, Amy Blase 1, Sharon Bodrug 1, Craig Clark 1, Steven Brentano 1, Jeannette Mathis 1, Jimmykim Pham 1, Troels Meyer 1, Michelle Cass 1, Petrea Hodge 1, Maria Luz Macairan 2, Leonard S. Marks 2, Harry Rittenhouse 1

1 Gen-Probe Incorporated, San Diego, CA
2 Urological Sciences Research Foundation, Culver City, CA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jackg{at}gen-probe.com.

Background: Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) is a noncoding prostate-specific mRNA that has shown promise as a prostate cancer diagnostic tool. This report describes the characterization of a prototype quantitative PCA3-based test for whole urine.

Methods: Whole-urine specimens were collected after digital rectal examination from 3 groups: men scheduled for prostate biopsy (n = 70), healthy men (<45 years of age with no known prostate cancer risk factors; n = 52), and men who had undergone radical prostatectomy (n = 21). PCA3 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNAs were isolated, amplified, and quantified by use of Gen-Probe DTS400® Systems. Prostate biopsy results were correlated with the PCA3/PSA mRNA ratio, and PSA mRNA concentrations were used to normalize PCA3 signals and confirm the yield of prostate-specific RNA. Assay precision, specimen stability, and mRNA yield were also evaluated.

Results: The specimen informative rate (fraction of specimens yielding sufficient RNA for analysis) was 98.2%. In this clinical research study, ROC curve analysis of prebiopsy specimens yielded an area under the curve of 0.746; sensitivity was 69% and specificity 79%. Serum PSA assay specificity was 28% for this same group. PCA3 and PSA mRNA were undetectable in postprostatectomy specimens except for one man with recurrent prostate cancer. Assay interrun CVs were ≤12%. Both mRNAs were stable in processed urine up to 5 days at 4 °C and after 5 freeze-thaw cycles.

Conclusion: The Aptima® PCA3 assay combines simple specimen processing with precise assays and existing instruments and could add specificity to the current algorithm for prostate cancer diagnosis.


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