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Received on June 30, 2006
Accepted on September 21, 2006
Proteomics and Protein Markers |
1 Genome Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
2 Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging and Department of Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
3 Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
4 Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ONT, Canada
5 Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging and Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
6 Department of Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
7 Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: amxu{at}hkucc.hku.hk.
Background: Lipocalin-2, a 25-kDa secreted glycoprotein, is a useful biomarker for early detection of various renal injuries. Because lipocalin-2 is abundantly expressed in adipose tissue and liver, we investigated its relevance to obesity-related pathologies.
Methods: We used real-time PCR and in-house immunoassays to quantify the mRNA and serum concentrations of lipocalin-2 in C57BL/KsJ db/db obese mice and their age- and sex-matched lean littermates. We analyzed the association between serum lipocalin-2 concentrations and various metabolic and inflammatory variables in 229 persons (121 men and 108 women) recruited from a previous cross-sectional study, and we evaluated the effect of the insulin-sensitizing drug rosiglitazone on serum lipocalin-2 concentrations in 32 diabetic patients (21 men and 11 women).
Results: Compared with the lean littermates, lipocalin-2 mRNA expression in adipose tissue and liver, and its circulating concentrations were significantly increased in db/db diabetic/obese mice (P <0.001). These changes were normalized after rosiglitazone treatment. In humans, circulating lipocalin-2 concentrations were positively correlated (P <0.005) with adiposity, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and the insulin resistance index, but negatively correlated (P = 0.002) with HDL cholesterol. There was also a strong positive association between lipocalin-2 concentrations and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), independent of age, sex, and adiposity (P = 0.007). Furthermore, rosiglitazone-mediated decreases in lipocalin-2 concentrations correlated significantly with increases in insulin sensitivity (r = 0.527; P = 0.002) and decreases in hs-CRP concentrations (r = 0.509; P = 0.003).
Conclusions: Lipocalin-2 is an inflammatory marker closely related to obesity and its metabolic complications. Measurement of serum lipocalin-2 might be useful for evaluating the outcomes of various clinical interventions for obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
The following articles in journals at HighWire Press have cited this article:
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