Received on October 10, 2006
Accepted on January 19, 2007

General Clinical Chemistry

Gamma Glutamyltranspeptidase and Long-Term Survival: Is It Just the Liver?

¹ Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics and the Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
² Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
³ Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Oswald.wagner{at}meduniwien.ac.at.

Background: Increased gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is associated with cardiovascular disease. To date, however, few studies with sufficient sample size and follow-up have investigated the association of GGT with all-cause mortality.

Methods: The relation of GGT to the risk of death was examined in a cohort of 283 438 first attendants (inpatients or outpatients) of the Vienna General Hospital with request for GGT analysis as part of a routine screening panel and was then monitored for up to 13 years. To evaluate GGT as a predictor, Cox proportional hazards models were calculated, which were adjusted for age and sex.

Results: In both men and women, GGT above the reference category (GGT 9 U/L in women, 14 U/L in men) was significantly (P <0.001) associated with all-cause, cancer, hepatobiliary, and vascular mortalities. Hazard ratios (HRs) for men and women were similar in all categories. Among patients who presented with GGT above the reference category for the first time, those younger than 30 years had higher all-cause mortality rates than did those older than 80 years (HR 1.5-3.3 vs HR 1-1.3 >80 years, respectively).

Conclusions: GGT is associated with mortality in both men and women, especially in patients younger than 30 years, and even high-normal GGT is a risk factor for all-cause mortality.