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Clinical Chemistry 0: clinchem.2007.091280v1, 2007; 10.1373/clinchem.2007.091280
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Received on May 2, 2007
Accepted on August 1, 2007

Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Serum Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 Is Correlated Directly with Serum LDL Cholesterol

William E. Alborn 1, Guoqing Cao 1, Holly E. Careskey 1, Yue-Wei Qian 1, Danise R. Subramaniam 1, Julian Davies 1, Elaine M. Conner 1, Robert J. Konrad 1*

1 Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: konrad_robert{at}lilly.com.

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is gaining attention as a key regulator of serum LDL-cholesterol (LDLC). This novel serine protease causes the degradation of hepatic LDL receptors by an unknown mechanism. In humans, gain-of-function mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause a form of familial hypercholesterolemia, whereas loss-of-function mutations result in significantly decreased LDLC and decreased cardiovascular risk. Relatively little is known about PCSK9 in human serum.

Methods: We used recombinant human PCSK9 protein and 2 different anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies to build a sandwich ELISA. We measured PCSK9 and lipids in 55 human serum samples and correlated the results. We used the anti-PCSK9 antibodies to assay lipoprotein particle fractions separated by sequential flotation ultracentrifugation.

Results: Serum concentrations of PCSK9 ranged from 11 to 115 µg/L and were directly correlated with serum concentrations of LDLC (r = 0.45, P = 0.001) and total cholesterol (r = 0.50, P = 0.0003), but not with triglycerides (r = 0.15, P = 0.28) or HDL cholesterol concentrations (r = 0.13, P = 0.36). PCSK9 was not detectable in any lipoprotein particle fraction, including LDL.

Conclusions: PCSK9 is present in human serum, likely not associated with specific lipoprotein particles. The circulating concentrations of human PCSK9 are directly correlated with LDL and total cholesterol concentrations.


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